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“There was nowhere to run to”: Social Support, Cultural Continuity, and Health in Inuktitut

ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒥᓕ ᓕᐳᓪ

Émilie Lebel

Contributing Writer

Émilie is an emerging freelance writer specialising in health and social justice. Her knowledge base includes an Honours Bachelor of Health Sciences & Psychology (uOttawa, 2013), a Master of Health Sciences in Occupational Therapy (uOttawa, 2015), and a certificate in Concurrent Disorders (University of Toronto & CAMH, 2022) along with years of experience in community mental health and acquired brain injuries.  Emilie is passionate about effective positive social change – which she works to spark through education and meaningful discourse.

“ᕿᒪᒡᕕᒃᓴᖅᑕᐃᑑᓪᓚᐅᒪᑦ”: ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑦ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ

ᓯᓖᓇ ᓕᒡᒋ ᐃᓄᒃ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐋᖀᓯᒪᑉᓗᓂ ᒪᑯᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᑕᐅᓇᔭᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑐᕌᓐᑐᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᑭᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᔨᐅᑉᓗᓂᓗ Sixties Scoop ᒪᓯᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᒃ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ. “1964−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ, “ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᖓ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒃᓂᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕗᓕᕆᔭᕐᒪ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᒐᐅᓯᒪᖕᖏᑦᖢᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᑦᑐᐃᓇᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᕕᖕᓂᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ: “ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᕐᓗᑎᓪᓘᕙ, ᐅᑉᕙᖣᕙ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓕᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑯᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᓂᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᑦᓯᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᒍᐊᒐᒃᓴᖑᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ” ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᒃᖠᕐᓂᑦ, ᓕᒋ ᒪᑯᓪᓗᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ. “ᑕᓕᒪᓪᓕ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ, “ᐅᕘᓇᖅᖢᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᑲ ᐊᓯᐊᒎᖅᖢᑎᒃ.”

ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖏᓂ, ᒪᕈᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᑦ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖑᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᕙ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᓄᑦ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ.  “ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᑦ, ᓯᖁᒥᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒻᓂ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ. “ᐅᔾᔨᕐᓇᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓚᐅᕋᑉᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓅᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᕋᑉᑕ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖕᐳᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᒍ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ.”

ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒋᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᑎᒌᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖏᑦ

ᐃᓕᖁᓯᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᓖᓇ ᓕᒋᑉ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑖᑯᐊ ᒐᕙᒪᑯᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᑦ ᓱᕈᐃᓚᐅᕐᒪᖑᑕ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᒐᒥᒃ ᓄᑕᕋᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖓᔫᖄᑦ.

ᐄᓪᓗᐊᕕᒃ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᑕᖃᖅ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᔪᕐᓇᕈᑎᑕᖃᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᖅᑐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖓᓯᓗᐊᕐᒪᑕ.  ᐅᖓᓯᖕᓂᖓ ᓱᖁᑎᒋᓇᒍ, ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᓄᑕᖃᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᖃᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓇᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓇᔫᑎᓂᕐᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᒧᑦ ᑭᐱᖑᓇᖅᖢᓂ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᕐᒧᑦ. ᓇᓪᓕᑭᑖᕐᑐᒥᒃ, ᓱᓕᔪᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᕿᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᓇᔭᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᒪᔨᑦ ᐅᓂᑉᑳᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᑎᑦᓯᖕᒪᑦ, “ᐅᐸᒍᑎᖃᖅᑕᕐᓂᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᔨᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ, ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᖏᑐᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕆᐊᖅᑕᕆᐊᖃᖏᒥᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᔪᒪᖏᑯᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᖃᓂᖕᖏᐸᑦ. ᓄᑕᖃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᖏᑐᑦ ᐅᐸᖁᔭᐅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᖏᕋᖅᑕᕐᓂᐊᖏᑉᐸᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᒐᓂᑳᖓᑕ ᐅᑉᓗ ᑕᒫᑦ.”

ᓄᑕᖃᓂᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᓂᖓᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑯᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓇᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᕆᕗᖅ.  1950−ᓂᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᖢᒍ 1980−ᑦ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ, ᑎᒍᓯᑕᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᓂᒃ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᓂᑲᓪᓗᖓᓇᖅᑐᒥ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᓂᓪᓗᖕᕐᒥᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᐃᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᑎᖔᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᑲᐅᓯᐅᑕᓚᐅᖕᑯᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ. ᓄᑕᖃᑦ ᑎᒍᐊᕆᔭᐅᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑉᕙᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᓯᒪᖏᑐᓄᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ, ᐅᖓᓯᒋᐊᑲᓂᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖃᖃᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ.  ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑕᐃᒪᓇᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ ᐃᓅᓯᖓᓂ: ᑎᒍᐊᖑᓚᐅᖏᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓪᓕ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᖏᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑯᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᕙᒍᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᖃᑉᓗᓈᓄᑦ. “ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᔪᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ, “ ᐅᖃᓪᓗᐊᕕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, “ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕋ ᐊᓯᐅᔨᓚᐅᒐᕋ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓕ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕋ ᐃᓅᑉᓗᖓ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᐅᖃᕈᖕᓇᖏᑐᖓ ᐃᓄᒃᑐᑦ.”

ᐊᒡᓛᑦ, ᓕᒋ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᖏᑐᖅ ᓇᑭᖔᕐᒪᖔᒦ ᖃᐅᔨᓕᑕᐅᓐᓇᖅᖢᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓕᕋᒥ 17−ᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᓪᓕ ᓄᑕᕋᖅᑖᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓄ ᓄᑕᕋᖅ ᑎᒍᐊᒐᒃᓴᖑᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑎᒍᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᓕᕋᒥ, ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᕐᓂᐊᒍᓂᖓᑕ ᑎᑎᕋᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᓂ ᐃᕐᓂᐊᖑᓂᕐᒪᖔᒥ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᑉᓗᓂ. “ᑕᐃᑲᖓ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᖢᖓ ᓇᓕᓚᐅᖅᐸᑲ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᑲ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᓂᑉᓗᖓ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ. ᑐᒃᓯᐊᕕᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᕕᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓕ ᕿᓂᓕᖅᖢᓂ. “ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ‘ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕕᑦ, ᖃᑕᖑᑎᑎᑦ ᕿᓂᑕᓕᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᑐᐊᕋᕕᑦ.’” ᐊᕿᒃᓱᐃᓕᖅᖢᓂ ᑲᑎᔪᒪᑉᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᖃᑉᓗᓈᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒋᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᓪᓚᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.  “ᓄᓇᖃᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᖁᒥᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ” ᓕᒋ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ. “ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒋᓂᖅ ᐊᔪᖅᑕᑲ.”

ᖃᐅᔨᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᒻᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖕᓂᒃ ᑭᒍᓂᖅᑖᖅᑎᑦᓯᖕᒪᓂᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᓱᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ  ᐋᕿᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓂᑖᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓇᔭᓇᖅᑐᒧᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ, ᐊᖓᔪᖄᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᓵᒐᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ, ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖑᓂᑦ. ᑖᑯᓅᓇ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᓱᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᕿᒋᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, “(ᓄᑕᖃᑦ) ᐊᔭᐅᒐᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᔪᖕᓃᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᓪᓗᐊᕕᖕᓂᖅ ᐊᔪᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒥᖕᓄᑦ, ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᑑᔭᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ”

ᐊᒻᒪᑲᓐᓂᖅ, ᑕᑯᐊ ᐊᒃᑐᑕᐅᔪᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᓯᖃᑕᐅᑕᓕᖅᖢᑎᑦ ᑭᒍᕚᖏᓐᓂᒃ. “ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᓂᒍᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑎᕈᓇᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᕐᒥᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᒪᑦᓯᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓴᖐᓂᖃᓕᖅᐸᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖏᑎᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑎᒍᑦ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓱᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᕿᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᑦ. ᑕᐃᒻᒪᓪᓕ, ᑕᐃᑯᐊ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖏᕋᒥᖕᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓᑦ ᓱᕈᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖓᑦ ᓈᒪᑦᓯᐊᕈᖕᓃᖅᖢᓂ.

“ᐅᐃᒪᓇᖅᓯᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑎᒍᓯᑕᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᑕᖃᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓕᒋ. “ᒫᓇᓕ ᐊᕿᒃᓱᐃᓂᓪᓗᓕᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᓯᖁᒥᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᑲᑎᖅᓱᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᕿᖕᓂᓗᒃᖢᖏᑦ.  ᐱᓂᓗᒃᑐᐃᓇᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖓ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓄᓯᕆᓂᐊᓚᐅᑲᒻᓂ ᐊᑐᖏᓕᖅᑐᖓ. ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓯᒪᔭᒻᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᕐᒥᐅᕐᓗᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᑎᒋ ᐱᓕᕆᔫᓪᓗᐊᕐᓂᕈᒪ, ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖅᑐᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᓪᓕᑭᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖃᑎᒋᔭᒃᑲ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒋᓚᐅᕐᓂᕈᑉᑭᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ.”

ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕿᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᑦ, ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ 

ᐃᓅᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᓃᑦ ᐋᕿᑦᓱᐃᖃᑎᒋᑉᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᖃᓇᕆᔭᑦ ᐋᕿᒃᓱᐃᓂᑕᖃᔪᖕᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᓂ (SDH. ᑕᑯᐊ ᐋᕿᒃᓯᒪᓂᕆᔭᖏᑦ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᔪᒪᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᒧᑦ, ᑐᑭᓕᐅᒐᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᓯᑦᓂ ᑳᑉᒧᑦ (1976) “ᐃᒃᐱᒋᓂᖅ ᓇᒡᓕᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐃᒃᐱᒋᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᖅᖢᓂᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᒌᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᖅᖢᓂ.” ᑳᐃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᓪᓗᓂ:

ᓱᓪᓕᓚᕆᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᔭᐅᕙᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑕᑉᓗᑎᒃ, ᑐᕋᖓᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂᓪᓗ. ᑕᐃᒪ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ, ᐊᕿᑦᓯᐊᖅᓯᒪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᓂᑯᑦ ᐊᕿᒃᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᖕᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᑉᓗᓂ.

ᐱᒍᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᖁᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᖕᒪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᒧᑦ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᑉᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᖏᑎᑦᓯᑕᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓪᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑖᓐᑯ ᑐᓂᑉ (2005). “ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᔭᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓇᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᒥᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, ᐃᒻᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖐᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᖏᐸᑕ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᔪᒪᑦ ᓂᖃᓪᓗᖓᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᖃᕆᑕᑯᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑐᖁᒧᑦ ᐊᒡᓛᑦ.” ᑖᒻᓇ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᔪᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓯᖓᐃᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕿᐅᒪᖏᔪᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ, ᐅᖃᑲᓂᖅᑐᖅ, “ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᑦ (ᑐᖁᓚᐃᓂᖅᓴᐅᖕᒪᑕ) ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᑯᓐᓇᖓ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖃᖏᑐᓐᓄᑦ, ᒪᒥᐊᓚᓂᖅᓴᐅᑉᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᔭᕌᖓᑕ ᓱᓇᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖃᕐᒫᖔᑖ.” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖃᕐᓇᖏᑐᓪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᒌᑎᑦᓯᖏᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᓂᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᔪᖅ (2018), ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᖏᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᓂᖃᖅᐳᖅ:

ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᒥᒃ, ᑖᑯᐊ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᖕᓂᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ − ᑐᑭᓕᒃ, ᓱᓇᒥᐊᖅ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᖅᓯᒃᐸᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒃᓴᖅᑕᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑑᓪᓗᐊᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᓕᖄᖅᑎᓐᓇᑕ.  ᐅᓐᓇᑐᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᕈᖕᓃᐸᑦ, ᑭᓇᒥᐊᖅ ᐃᓚᐅᒃᐸ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᓄᒃ ᐃᖃᔪᖅᑎᒌᒃᐸᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᓇᔭᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᒥ, ᓂᕿᓂᒃ, ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᓇᐅᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᒐᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒻᒪᓇᐃᑐᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᑕᖃᕋᔭᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᖃᕈᖕᓇᐃᑕᐃᓕᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ − ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᖃᕋᔭᖅᖢᓂ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᖏᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᖏᓐᓂᕿᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓱᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᕙᒍᖃᖏᑦᑐᓐᓄᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑉᑕᐅᖅ, ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖐᖕᓂᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᔪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖏᑎᒃᓯᔫᓪᓗᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓂᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ. ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓂᖅ ᓴᖏᔫᖕᒪᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕆᔭᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᕈᖏᔭᐅᔪᒧᑦ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᒥᒃ ᓈᒪᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᕌᖓᖕᒪᑕ ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᑦᓯᐊᖅᓯᒪᓂᒧᑦ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᐸᒥᒃ, ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒋᓂᕐᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓱᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᖃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᖕᒪᑦ, ᑕᒪᑭᖕᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᐅᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ. (ᑐᓂᑉ, 2002).

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ, ᓗᒋ ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᔪᖅ, ᖃᓄᐃᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᕈᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᖕᒪᑦ “ᓄᓇᓕᒋᔭᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᔪᖕᓃᖅᑐᓂ.” ᐅᓇᑐᑦ, ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᑰᓚᐅᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓂᖅ (PTSD), ᓂᑲᓗᖓᕕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓂᖅ, ᐃᓱᒫᓗᖕᓂᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᕆᓕᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓛᖑᓱᕐᒪᑦ, ᐅᖃᖅᖢᓂ, ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ADHD ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᔨᐊᖑᑉᓗᓂ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ (FASD) “ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒃ ᐱᔪᑎᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖁᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ.” ᓕᒋ ᐅᖃᑲᓂᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒥᐊᓗᒃ ᓂᕆᑦᑕᑦᓯᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓱᕐᒪᑦ, ᐃᓄᖕᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᓕᖅᓴᕋᐃᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᑉᓗᓂ.

ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᖅ, ᐅᖃᕆᐊᑲᓂᖅᖢᓂ ᓕᒋ, “ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐃᖕᒥᓃᖅᑐᖃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓕᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓕᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪ ᐊᐅᓚᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐱᔪᑎᒋᑉᓗᒍ, Sixty Scoop, ᐊᒃᓱᕈᐃᓐᓇᕐᒪᑕ.” ᓱᓕᔪᖅ, ᐃᒻᒪᖄ 6−ᒥᑦ 11−ᒧᑦ ᐃᖕᒥᓂᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥ. (TRC, 2015). ᖁᕕᐊᓐᓇᖏᓇ, ᓕᒋᐅᑉ ᓄᑲᖓ ᑐᖁᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᖕᒥᓃᖅᖢᓂ “ᐃᓱᒪᒥᒍᒃ ᐊᔪᓕᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᑭᕚᑎᔪᖕᓃᕋᒥ (ᖁᐊᖅᓴᓯᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ) 

ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᑲᐅᑎᒋᕙᒃᑐᖅᓂ ᐊᕕᑐᖃᕌᖓᑦ. “ᒪᓐᓇᓕ ᑎᒍᕚᑎᑦ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᖕᓂᑦ, ᑕᐃᑲᖕᖓᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᖑᖅᑎᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ.” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓚᐅᖔ ᐃᒻᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᑕᕋᐅᓂᖓᓗ ᒪᑯᒃᑑᓂᖓᓗ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖏᒻᒪᖅ. “ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᐱᔮᕆᔭᐅᑉᓗᖓ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ. “12−ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᓕᕋᒪ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᒡᓗᑕᒧᑦ ᐱᓇᐃᕈᑎᓯᒪᔭᐅᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ…ᕿᓚᒃᓯᒪᑉᓗᖓ ᐃᒡᓕᕐᒧᑦ.”  ᓕᒋ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᒻᒫᖓᑦ ᐊᓂᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᕿᒪᓕᖅᖢᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᖢᓂ 14-ᓂᒃ.  “ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᖓ ᑭᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᕐᒫ,” ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, “ᐄ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ, ᕿᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ.. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᒧᑦ ᕿᒪᒡᓚᖓ? ᕿᒪᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᑉᖁᑎᒥᐊᒧᑦ”

ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑑᑉᓗᓂ ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᖑᑉᓗᓂ, ᑭᓯᕐᒥᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᑉᖁᑎᒥᐊᒥ, ᓕᒋ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᔪᔪᓄᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᖅᑎᑕᖅᖢᒍ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓄᑦ, ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᕆᑉᓗᒍ.” ᑕᒻᒪᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑐᒐᐅᒐᔪᖕᒪᑦ: ᐊᒥᓲᖕᒪᑕ ᑕᒻᒪᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑐᖁᑕᐅᓂᑯᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ “ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ…ᕿᒫᓚᐅᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᑉᖁᑎᒥᐅᑕᐅᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ.” ᐱᑕᖃᖏᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᑦ ᓕᒋᑐᑦ ᒪᓂᒥᓕᖅᐸᖕᒪᑕ ᓱᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓄᓕᖅᐸᖕᒪᑕ ᐊᓂᐊᓕᕐᓇᑐᓂ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᕐᓇᖅᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖏᑐᒥ, ᒪᒃᑯᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᑐᖁᑉᓗᑎᒃ.

ᑭᐱᖑᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓚᐅᓱᐊᕐᓂᒧᑦ

ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᑉᓗᓂ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒌᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖃᑎᒧᑦ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖅ ᐱᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ TRC, “ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᒪᐃᓂᖅ ᐃᓕᑕᖅᓯᓂᐅᖕᒪᑦ ᐱᔫᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓄᑦ.” 

ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ “ᐃᓕᖁᓯᐅᑉ ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖓ” ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᓯᕗᖅ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᓯᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑕᒻᒪᐃᔭᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᓚᐱ ᕆᑎᖕ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᕕᓐ (2009) ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓐᓇ “ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒃᐸᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᑐᖃᕐᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᐸᖕᓂᕐᔪᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒥ.” ᐃᓚᒋᑉᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᓯᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᑎᒌᖏᑐᑦ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᑐᒃ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂ, “ᐊᑐᒐᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒌᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᖃᕐᓄᕐᒥ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᖅᑎᖁᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᑭᖑᕙᕐᒥᖕᓄᑦ.”

ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑲᔪᓯᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ “ᐊᖏᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᑕᐃᓕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐊᕿᐅᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ,” ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖃᖅᑕᐅᓕᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ (2008) ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑐᓂᑉ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕿᒥᒃ ᐃᓛᑰᓕᖅᑎᒃᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᐃᒪᕆᒃᑐᓪᓗᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᑉ ᓈᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ “ᐆᒃᑑᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗᐊᖅᖢᓂᒃ ᐳᓪᓗᐊᑦᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᐊᐅᖕᒧᑦ ᖁᑦᓯᒃᓯᒪᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖁᐃᓂᓗᐊᕐᓄᒧᑦ.” ᐃᓚᑉᓗᒍ, ᐃᖁᓯᐃᕐᒥ ᑕᒻᒪᐃᓂᖅ ᐊᔭᐅᖅᓯᖕᒪᑦ ᐃᖕᒥᓃᖅᑕᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᓐᓄᒃ ᒪᑯᒃᑐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓪᓗᐊᕕᒃ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᐅᑉ ᑲᔪᓯᒃᓯᐊᖏᓂᖓ ᐊᑕᖕᒪᑦ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᑉᑎᖕᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᒃᐱᒍᓱᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ: ᐃᓄᑑᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ, ᐃᒃᐱᒋᔭᖃᖏᓪᓗᓂ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᕈᑎᑦ ᓵᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖕᓇᐃᓪᓕᔫᔭᖅᖢᑎᒃ.

“ᑭᓇᐅᓂᕆᔭᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖏᒻᒪᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓴᑎᓪᓗᖓ,” ᐃᖃᐅᒪᔪᖅ ᓕᒋ “ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᒪᓕᖅᖢᑎ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᕋᒐᐅᖕᒪᖔᖅᐱᑦ…ᓴᓗᒪᐃᑐᖅ, ᕿᓂᖓᔪᖅ, ᐃᓄᒃ.” ᑕᐃᒪ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᑲᖑᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᑕᑕᐅᑦᓯᕗᖅ. ᐱᖃᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ, ᐅᖃᕆᐊᑲᓂᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓄᑑᓇᓱᒋᓂᖅ. “ᓄᓇᒋᔭᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᕋᓗᐊᕋᕕᑦ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐃᓂᖃᕈᒋᖏᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓚᐅᖏᓐᓇᕕᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓴᖃᑎᒋᓚᐅᖏᓇᖕᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑕᑯᑉᓄᑎᑦ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒌᓂᒃ ᖃᓂᑐᕋᐅᑐᓂᒃ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ. “ᓇᒧᐊᒥᐊᕈᒪ, ᑕᐃᒪᓇᐃᑐᖓ ᐃᓚᐅᖏᑦᓱᒋᑉᓗᖓ.”

ᑕᐃᒻᒪᓕ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᑕᖃᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᓪᓕᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᕐᖑᑕᕐᒥᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᓕᕐᒥᓄᑦ. “ᑭᖑᕚᕇᑦ ᒪᕈᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᖏᑦᖢᑎᒃ.” ᑭᖑᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᓂᓐᐊᑎᑕᐅᓇᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᔭᓚᐅᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒥᖕᓄᑦ. ᑕᒻᓇ ᑎᒃᑕᐅᔪᑎᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓯᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ, ᑕᒻᒪᐅᒪᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᑭᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᕐᒦᒃ. ᒫᓇᓕ, ᓕᒋ ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᐱᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᔪᑉ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ. “ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᑭᐱᖑᔪᑦ. ᐃᓄᑦ ᑭᐱᖑᖕᒪᑕ…’ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᒐᒻᓂᒃᔭ’”

ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ

ᓕᒋ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒪᒥᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, “ᐊᑉᖁᑦ ᑕᑭᔪᖅ”, ᐃᓄᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᕐᓗᓂ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑭᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᖏᖅᓯᓗᓂ ᑖᑯᓄᖓ ᐋᕿᒐᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᔪᓂᒃ. “ᐱᒍᓂᖃᓚᐅᕋᒪ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᑉᓗᖓ ᐃᖃᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᑦᓯᐊᖏᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᑲ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ. “ᐳᑭᖅᑕᒡᓕᑦ, ᐃᓐᓄᓕᕆᒡᔨᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᑯᑦ ᐃᖃᑐᐃᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᑎᓚᐅᕋᑉᑭᑦ.” ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑭᓂᐊᕈᖕᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᑯᑕᐅᖕᒪᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᖑᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ. “ᒪᓐᓇᓕ, ᓄᓇᖃᖄᑐᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᕈᖕᓇᖅᓯᖕᒪᑕ.” ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗᑉᑕᐅᖅ, ᐅᖃᑲᓂᖅᑐᖅ, “ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᐃᓄᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓂᑯᕕᐸᑦ, ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑐᖅ ᓂᑯᕕᖃᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓴᓂᐊᓂᑐᖅᑕᐅᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᓪᓕ, ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ ᐅᖃᖅᑕᖃᓂᕈᒪ, ᐱᕋᔭᒃᑕᐅᓂᑯᒃᑕᐅᖅ ᓂᑯᕕᒋᐊᕐᓂᐊᖅ ᐅᖃᖃᑕᐅᓕᕐᓗᓂ. ᑐᓂᓯᓂᐅᖕᒪᑦ ᐅᖃᕈᖕᓇᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ.”

ᒪᓂᓴᕐᓂᐅᖕᒪᑦ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᒋ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᖕᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓪᓕᐅᑎᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᒻᓇ ᐱᔪᒪᒍᕕ, ᐊᒥᓱᖑᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓂ ᐃᓄᒃᓯᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᕕᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᕈᐊᕐᓂᕈᒥᒃ. ᐃᓚᓯᒋᐊᖅᖢᓂ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᒃᓴᖅ “ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᒐᑉᑕ ᐅᓇᓕᐅᓂᕋᒐᐅᖃᑕᐅᑉᓗᑕ. ᐅᓐᓇᓕᐅᖏᑦᑐᒍᑦ, ᐃᓅᔪᒍᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖃᖅᑐᒍᑦ, ᐃᓕᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑎᖃᖅᖢᑕ ᐊᔨᒋᖏᑕᖓᓂᒃ, ᐊᓪᓚᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᖃᖅᖢᑕ.” ᑕᐃᒪ, ᓕᒋ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐅᑯᐃᖅᓯᖕᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᒐᐅᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᓂᒃ. ᑕᒻᒪᓇ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓂᓗᒃᑐᖅ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᖓ, ᐅᕐᓂᖓᒃᓴᖅᑕᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᓂᕋᕐᓗᒍ. ᓄᓇᓕᐅᖃᑎᒌᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᕿᒃᓱᐃᖕᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ. “ᒫᓇᓕ ᑖᑯᓇᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᖑᔪᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᒃ ᓂᕿᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑑᓪᓗᐊᓕᖅᖢᓂ, ᐃᒃᓯᕙᖃᑎᖃᕈᖕᓇᓯᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᖕᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓂᒃᓴᖃᓕᕐᒪᑕ.”

Scoop Sixties ᒪᒥᓴᕐᓂᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᖓᑦ, ᕿᓂᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓇᓪᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᐅᑭᐅᒃ ᒪᕉᒃ ᖃᖏᖅᑐᒃ, ᓕᒋ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑐ ᑕᐅᒐᑎᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐋᖀᓂᓗᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᑲᕋᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ, ᐃᑲᔪᕈᐊᖅᖢᒋ ᐊᓐᓇᖕᓂᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓗᒋ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᖏᑦ. ᒫᓇ, ᐅᖃᑲᓂᖅᑐᖅ, “ᑲᑎᖃᑎᖃᖅᑕᕆᐊᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᔫᓪᓗᐊᑲᑉᑎᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᖀᓪᓗᑕ ᐃᑲᑏᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᖕᓂᑯᓄᑦ. ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖁᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᕋᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᖅᓯᒪᖕᒪᑕ, ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᖕᒪᑕ. ᑭᓇᑭᐊᖅ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᐊᖏᓐᓂᑯᓄᑦ ᐱᓂᕋᒐᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ.” ᓕᒋ ᐅᖃᑲᓂᖅᑐᖅ, “ᐱᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᖅ.” ᒥᑭᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑲᔪᓯᓂᐊᖅ.”

ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ, “ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕗᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᕆᔭᕆᐊᖃᒃᑲᕗᑦ, ᓄᑕᖃᕗᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᕐᖑᑕᕗᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓱᓇᐅᖕᒪᖔᑦ ᐃᓅᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᕈᖕᓇᕐᓗᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑉᑎᖕᓂᒃ.” ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᕐᔪᐃᖅ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᖃᖅᐳᑦ: “ᒪᑯᒃᑐᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᖄᑐᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖏᑦ ᓈᒪᒋᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ (…) ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᕆᐊᑲᓂᕐᓗᒍ ᐱᒍᓂᖓ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᐅᑉ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᒌᖕᓂᖅ ᐱᒪᕆᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᑕᖑᑎᒌᓂ, ᓄᓇᓕᖕᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᓂᕐᓂᑰᖅᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓱᖅᑐᑦ.”  (Greenwood, de Leeuw, Stout, Larstone, and Sutherland, 2022)

“ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᖅᑐᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᖏᑯᒪ,” ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓗᒋ. “ᒫᓇ ᐱᔪᑎᔭᑲ.”