“A National Crime” Article in Swampy Cree Syllabics
Written by Miles Morrisseau and translated by Diana Morrisseau
Miles Morrisseau
Contributing Writer
Miles Morrisseau is a Métis writer, journalist and multimedia producer from the Métis Homeland in Manitoba. He began his career as a writer/broadcaster for CBC Radio in Winnipeg. He produced documentaries on Sunday Morning, CBC radio’s flagship documentary program. As a national native affairs broadcaster, he covered the Mohawk Gambling War in Akwesasne, the Death of the Meech Lake Accord and was one of only mainstream journalists who had access behind the barricades during the Oka Crisis, entering on one of a handful of boats that smuggled in food and medicine. He was Editor-in-Chief of Nativebeat, the Beat of a Different Drum, which was chosen best Native American Monthly by the Native American Journalists Association (NAJA). He was Editor-in-Chief of Aboriginal Voices Magazine and Indian Country Today. He produced Buffalo Tracks with Evan Adams for APTN. As program manager for NCI-FM, Manitoba’s Indigenous Radio Network, he helped launch Streetz FM the first radio station by and for Indigenous youth in Winnipeg, MB. He has six children and seven grandchildren and has been with his partner Shelly Bressette for over 35 years. He lives in Grand Rapids, Manitoba on one of the last pieces of Métis land still in the hands of Métis people.
Diana Morrisseau
Translator
Tānsi, my name is Diana Morrisseau. My ceremonial name is kā wāskānisimot mikisiwiskwew, which translates to the round dance eagle woman. I attend ceremonies on a regular basis as I have a lot to be thankful for to our Creator. I was born into a big family of 10 siblings including myself as being the youngest and only six surviving. I was very fortunate to retain my Cree language all the credit to both my beautiful late parents Patrick and Matilda Buck from Moose Lake, Manitoba. It was my parents that kept the Swampy Cree language alive and thriving within our family unit growing up. I am a Cree language teacher. Teaching and sharing the language is a great passion of mine. I am also a wife to my loving husband, Marshall, and we have raised our five amazing children Dannielle, Carly, Jake, Dylan and Marshall together over the past 33 years. I am looking forward to the next phase of my life to becoming a grandmother as our lovely daughter in-law Gabrielle is with child.
Author’s note: This is another step on the path of reconciliation and a direction forward. For Canadians, they must reconcile with the true history of the country and for Indigenous Peoples, we must reconcile with our stolen culture and reclaim our stories and our language. This translation is a powerful addition to the text of this story and as the author it raises a challenge to learn my mother tongue and understand the story in the language of my grandmother, Lydia. I am proud that my sister-in-law was able to provide translation in Cree Syllabics as well as our dialect of Swampy Cree.
Translator’s note: This was such an honour to be able to contribute a little of the Cree syllabics to the revitalization and reconciliation of the heartfelt article that my brother-in-law Miles wrote. Thank you to Miles and DMC for the tremendous opportunity. Thank you/ekosi.
ᒥᑖᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐊᐢᐱᐣ ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭᐏᓂᓂᐤ Peter Henderson Bryce ᑳᑮ ᒥᓯᐦᑫᒧᐟ ᐃᓇᑐ ᒦᐦᒉᐟ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐁᓂᐱᒋᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ.
ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐤ Miles Morrisseau
ᒹᐨ ᐊᐏᔭᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓄᐦᑌ ᓇᑐᐦᑕᐍᐤ ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭᐏᓂᓂᐘ Peter Henderson Bryce. ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᑖᐻᐏᐣ ᑮ ᐏᐦᑕᒼ ᑖᐻ ᐊᓂ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᐅᑎᐢᑲᐏᐢᑲᒼ ᐲᑐᐢ ᒫᒥᑐᓀᓂᐦᒋᑲᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐱᒫᑎᓰᒪᑲᐦᑭ ᑫᑻᓇ ᐁᑯᐢᐲ – the Canadian government and the leading Christian churches: Catholic, Anglican, Methodist, and Presbyterian.
1922 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ Bryce ᐅᐢᑳᐨ ᐊᐏᔭᐠ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐣᑕᐍᐑᐤ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓯᐦᑳᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ The Department of the Interior and the Department of Indian Affairs ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᓂᐦᑫᐤ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᒫᐦᒣᑭᐤ The Story of a National Crime, being an Appeal for Justice to the Indians of Canada, ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐁ ᓲᐦᑮᒪᑳᐠ ᒥᑐᓂ ᐃᑌᐏᓇ ᑮ ᑖᐘᐦᐋᒼ ᒥᑌᐦᔭ ᐁᑿ ᒫᒥᑐᓀᓃᒋᑲᓇ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑳᑮ ᓇᑕᐍᓂᒫᐟ the Canadian public ᐁᑿ ᑮᔮᐱᐨ ᐯᐦᑖᑲᓂᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᐢᑳᐨ ᐅᐦᒌᐏᐣ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐅᐦᑖᐦᒋᒧᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᑳᑮ ᓄᐦᑌ ᐋᑐᑖᐠ.
ᐁᑯᑕ Bryce ᑳᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᐠ ᑕᐦᑐ ᐊᐢᑭᐩ ᐃᑕᒪᐦᒋᐦᐅᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ 1904 until he was sidelined by Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs Duncan Campbell Scott ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1914 ᑮ ᓅᐦᑰᑖᐤ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᑫᑻᐣ ᑳᑮ ᒥᐢᑲᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑕᐦᑐ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᑳᑮ ᓇᑐᓂᑫᐟ ᐃᓇᑐ ᒪᒋ ᐃᓰᔮᐏᐣ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᑳᑮ ᓃᐸᐏᐢᑖᑭᐠ ᐲᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐆᑌ Western Canada. Bryce ᑮ ᒥᐢᑲᒼ ᐁ ᐅᓵᒥ ᐃᐢᐸᐦᐋᒪᑳᑭ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᓇ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᑳ ᑯᐢᑖᑎᑿᓂ ᐹ ᐴᓂ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᒋᐠ ᐆᑭ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐃᑐᐦᑌᒋᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐱᒼᐸᓃᑖᓂᐚᑭ ᐅᐦᒋ Catholic ᐁᑿ Anglican ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ.
ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᑮ ᓃᑳᓃᒪᑲᐣ ᓂᐱᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐆᑕ Canada. ᐋᑕ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐦᑯᓱᐏᐣ ᐁ ᑭᓂᐱ ᐋᓲᐏᐸᓂᐠ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᐊᐏᔭᐠ ᑕᑮ ᑳᒋᑎᓇᒼ ᒫᑲ ᑮ ᐸᑲᒥᐢᑳᑯᐠ ᑳ ᑭᑎᒫᑭᓯᒋᐠ ᑳ ᓂᐸᐦᐋᑲᑐᓯᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑳ ᒦᒉᑐᑫᒋᐠ. ᑕᑯ ᑳᑮ ᒥᐢᑲᐦᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ Bryce ᐊᓯᒋ ᑮ ᒥᐢᑲᒼ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᐊᐦᑯᓯᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᓂᐱᐏᐣ ᓇᐘᐨ ᐁᑭᑎᒫᑳᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐃᐢᑯᓂᑲᓂᐦᐠ ᐃᐢᐲᐦᒋ ᐆᑭ Canadians in general; yet the funding for care ᐁᑿ ᓇᑕᐑᑫᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ was many times lower. ᐁᑫᓂᐤ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐅᐦᑖᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑳᑌᓂᐤ ᐹᑎᒫ ᐃᐢᐲ ᐁ ᑮ ᓰᑭᐢᑳᐟ ᑕ ᐴᓂ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐟ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐅᑭᒫᓇᐦᐠ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1921 ᐁ ᐃᐦᐸᓂᐠ ᑕ ᐚᐸᐦᑎᓅᐢᑫᐟ Canadian government ᐁᑳ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐁ ᑑᑕᒥᓂᐟ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᒥᓰᑫᒧᐟ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐚᐸᐦᑕᐦᐠ ᑎᐱᓇᐍ national crime. ᑖᐻ ᑭᑎᒫᑭᓈᑲᐣ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐆᒪ ᐊᐦᑯᓯᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᓂᐱᐏᐣ ᑳ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᓂᑕᐚᐯᓂᑫᒋᐠ Department of Indian Affairs ᑳᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᒋᐠ BNA Act ᐚᐑᐢᑮᐢᐱᐣ ᑕ ᐸᒥᔮᒋᐠ ᑭᑎᓂᓃᒥᓈᓇᐠ ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ.
ᒫᐘᒋ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᑳᑮ ᑲᑵ ᐊᔭᒦᑖᐘᐠ Bryce ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ ᒹᐨ ᓂᑮ ᑲᐢᑮᑖᐣ ᐋᑕ ᒹᐨ ᐊᐦᐴ ᓃᓯᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐹᐢᑫᑭᓂᑲᓇ. ᑮ ᑯᓯᑿᓇ ᐲᑭᐢᑵᐏᓇ ᐁᑿ ᑖᐻᐏᓇ ᑳᑮ ᒨᐢᑭᓇᐦᐠ Bryce ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐅᓵᒼ ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃ ᑕ ᓃᐸᐏᐢᑕᒫᐣ ᐯᔭᐠ ᐊᐱᐏᓂᐦᐠ. ᑭᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐚᐑᐢᑮᐢᐱᐣ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑳᑮ ᐸᐢᐲᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐁᑿ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑳ ᐊᓂᐢᑲᒋ ᐘᐦᑯᐦᑐᒋᐠ ᑯᐢᑖᓵᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᑮ ᒧᐢᑕᐢᑌᐤ ᐆᑕ ᐸᐸᑭᓯᓂ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᑳ ᒨᓰᑕᐦᐠ ᑭᑌᐦᐃᓇᐦᐠ ᑭᒫᒥᑐᓀᓃᒋᑲᓂᓇᐦᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑭᑕᐦᒑᐦᑯᓇᐦᐠ.
ᒧᓇ ᑲᔮᐢ ᑳᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᑭ ᐆᐦᐃ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ. ᓅᑯᒼ ᑮ ᐃᑐᐦᑌᐤ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᑳ ᐋᑐᑖᐠ ᐊᐘ Bryce. Bryce’s findings were not, in the parlance of our times, “fake news.” ᐁᑮᓇᑭᐢᑲᒫᓱᐟ ᓇᑳᓯᒧᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᑖᐳᑯ ᐊᓂ ᑮ ᐱᒼᐸᓂᓇ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ.
ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐱᒫᑎᓰᒪᑲᐣ ᐆᒪ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᑳ ᐱᒨᑕᑖᐦᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑫᑻᐣ ᑳ ᓇᑐᓇᒫᐠ ᐊᓄᐦᐨ ᒥᓄᐑᒉᑐᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐊᓂᓯᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑕ ᐊᑎ ᓃᐸᐏᐢᑖᑭᐠ ᑕ ᐱᒨᑕᑖᒋᐠ ᐆᒪ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ. The centennial of Bryce’s ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᐃᑕ ᐁ ᐋᓂᒫᐠ ᐃᑕ ᑳ ᒫ ᒥᐢᑭᑳᑌᑭ ᒥᐦᒉᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᓂᑿᐦᐢᑳᓇ ᐃᑕ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑳᑮ ᒋᒪᑌᑭ ᐁᑿ an historic ᒦᑖᑌᓃᑕᒧᐏᐣ by Pope Francis ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᓃᓱᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᓃᔮᓄᓵᑊ ᐁ ᐊᑭᒥᐦᐟ ᐅᐸᐢᑯᐏ ᐲᓯᒼ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐁ ᑮ ᑮᔪᑫᐟ ᐃᑕ ᑳᑮ ᒋᒪᑌᐠ Ermineskin Indian Residential School in Maskwacis, Alberta. ᐊᓇ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᓂᓂᐤ ᑮ ᐋᑐᑕᒼ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᐑᒋᔮᒋᐠ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐅᑭᒫᓇᐦᐠ. ᓂᒦᑖᐦᑌᐣ. ᓂᓇᑐᐦᑕᒫᐣ ᐴᓀᓃᑕᒧᐏᐣ ᐚᐑᐢᑮᐢᐱᐣ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᒦᐦᒉᐟ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑯ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᓈᑲᓇᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐋ ᐃᑖᐏᓇ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐏᐦᒋᐦᐃᑐᒋᐠ not least through their indifference, ᐁ ᑮ ᓯᐘᓈᒌᑖᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐏᐣ ᐊᑿ forced assimilation promoted by governments ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ which culminated in the system of ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ.
ᑲᔮᐢ ᒭᔦᐢ ᑕᑯᐠ Canada ᒭᔦᐢ ᑕᑯᑭ ᐊᓄᐦᐨ ᑳ ᒪᓯᓈᐢᑌᑭ ᐊᑳᒪᐢᑭᔭ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᑮ ᒫᒋ ᒨᓵᐦᑭᓀᐘᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑮ ᐹᐢᑮᑌᓂᑳᑌᐘ ᐊᑳᒪᐢᑭᐩ ᑮᐍᑎᓄᐦᐠ ᑮᒋᒨᑯᒫᐣ ᐊᐢᑭᔨᐦᐠ. ᑭᐦᒋ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᒫᐘᒋ ᑭᐢᑌᓃᐦᑖᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐹᑿᔨᓯᐦᐠ ᑮ ᑕᑯᓯᓇᐠ ᐁᑯᐢᐲ ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑖᑯᐠ New France 1625 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᐁᒥᐢᑎᑰᓯᐏ ᐃᑖᐏᓇ ᐁᑿ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐘᑎᓯᐏᑲᒥᑿ spread ᓀᑲᐦᐯᐦᐊᓄᐦᐠ ᐃᓯ ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᒥᑖᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᐢᑵᐘᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑭᑖᐘᐠ ᒦᐦᒉᐟ non-residential ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ. ᒫᐘᒋ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᐠ the Anglican Church’s Mohawk Institute in Brantford, Ontario ᑮ ᐹᐢᑮᑌᓂᑳᑌᐤ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1831 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᒫᒪᐏᓂᑐᐏᐣ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1867 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ British North America Act ᐁ ᑮ ᐅᓇᓯᐘᑖᒋᐠ federal government ᑕ ᓈᓈᑲᒌᐦᐋᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁ ᐃᐢᑯᓂᑳᑌᑭ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑮ ᐱᒼᐸᓃᑖᐘᐠ ᐋᑎᐦᐟ ᑲᐯᓯ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ.
ᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1867, the Indian Act ᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᓂᐘᐣ ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᐣ. ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᑖᐟ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ the Indian Act ᑮ ᐊᑎ ᒥᓴᐦᒌᒪᑲᐣ ᐃᐢᑯ ᒥᑐᓂ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐁ ᐅᓇᓯᐚᑖᒋᐠ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐅᐱᒫᑎᓯᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᓂᑲ ᑭᐢᑭᐣᐓᒫᑐᐏᐣ. By 1880 ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᓂᐚᐘ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑕ ᐱᒼᐸᓃᑖᒋᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᐃᐢᑯᓂᑲᓂᐦᐠ ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑳᑌᐤ in the act ᑕ ᒫᒧᐓᐦᑲᒫᑐᒋᐠ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐁᑿ the state ᑕ ᐊᔮᓈᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᒦᓄ ᐱᒋᑫᐏᓂᐦᐠ. ᐊᔭᒥᐦᐁᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐅᑕᔭᒥᔮᓂᐏ ᐊᑐᐢᑳᑕᒧᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᐋᓴᐩ ᑮ ᒫᒋ ᐸᓂᓇ ᐁᒥᐢᑎᑰᓯᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᐣᐓᒫᑫᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ.
1904 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ Bryce, an Ontario ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭᐏᓂᓂᐤ ᑮ ᒦᓈᐤ ᓃᑳᓇᐱᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᑭᐦᒋ ᐢᑕᐑᐍᐤ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓯᐦᑳᐣ of the federal Department of the Interior and Department of Indian Affairs, ᓅᓴᐏ ᓃᓱᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᓃᓱᓵᑊ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁ ᑮ ᓃᑳᓂᐢᑲᐦᐠ the Ontario Board of Health. 1907 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ the minister of the interior ᑮ ᑲᑫᒋᒣᐤ ᑕ ᓇᑕᐚᐯᓂᑫᓂᐟ ᓂᐢᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᓃᔮᓄᓵᑊ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ in Alberta, Manitoba, ᐊᓯᒋ Saskatchewan, ᐁᑿ Bryce ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᐃᓇᑐ ᐁ ᑮ ᑭᑎᒫᑭᓈᑰᒋᑫᔨ ᐚᐸᐦᑕᐦᐠ. The Report on the Indian Schools of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories ᑳᑮ ᒨᓵᑭᓂᑳᑌᑭ ᒥᐢᑲᒧᐏᓇ by surveying the principals ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᓇᑕᐚᐯᓂᑫᑐᑖᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᐁᐘᑯᒦᓇ ᐊᔨᓈᓀᐤ ᐊᑐᐢᑫ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᐊᓯᒋ ᓃᓱᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᑌᐸᑯᐦᐳᓵᑊ ᑲᐯᓯ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ. ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᓂᐦᐠ ᑮ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᐃᑖᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᒥᑖᐟ ᓃᔮᓄᓵᑊ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑳᑮ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᑭ ᓃᓱᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᓀᐓᓵᑊ percent ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᐅᑭᐢᑭᐣᐓᒫᑲᓇᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐊᔮᒋᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᐦᑖᑿᐣ ᐁ ᑮ ᓂᐱᒋᐠ ᒣᒁᐨ ᐯᔭᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᐠ ᐃᑕ File Hills ᐃᐢᑯᓂᑲᐣ ᑫᑳᐨ ᑌᐸᑯᐦᐳᒥᑕᓇᐤ percent ᐅᑭᐢᑭᐣᐓᒫᑲᓇᐠ ᑳᑮ ᓇᑕᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓌᐦᐊᒫᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᐊᐢᐱᐣ ᑳᑮ ᐹᐢᑮᑌᓂᑳᑌᑭ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1889 ᐋᓴ ᑮ ᓂᐱᐘᐠ 1907 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᐁ ᐊᑖᒣᓃᑕᐦᐠ ᒫᒫᓰᐢ ᑕᐦᑭᓄᐍᐸᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᐲᑎᑵᐸᓂᐠ ᐅᐢᑭ ᐸᑭᑕᑖᒧᐏᐣ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐃᑐ ᑳ ᐊᐦᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᑳᑮ ᒫᒧᐏ ᑲᓊᓃᑖᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᑳᑮ ᒥᓄ ᐊᔮᒋᐠ ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᑭᑮ ᐅᐱᓀᓇᐤ ᒪᒋ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐊᐦᑯᓯᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐃᓯ ᒥᑐᓂ ᓂᒫᒪᐢᑳᑌᐣ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐃᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᐁᑳ ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᓈᐢᐱᐨ ᑳ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᑭ ᐃᐢᐲᐨ ᑳ ᐃᓯ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᑭ.
ᑮ ᐑᑕᑲᐣ ᓇᐘᐨ ᐁ ᑭᓰᐍᒪᑳᐠ ᐁᑿ ᒪᐢᑲᐏᓰᒪᑳᐠ ᐲᑭᐢᑵᐏᐣ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐁᐘᑯ ᑮᑎᐯᓃᑕᒼ Duncan Campbell Scott. ᐋᓴ ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᒪᒦᒋᒥᐦᐟ ᐯᔭᑰᐢᑳᐣ ᐆᑕ Canada, Confederation Poets ᐁ ᒫᒪᐏ ᐋᑲᓈᓰᒧᐏ poets ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᓂᐚᐘ ᐁ ᑮ ᐑᒋᐦᐃᑫᒪᑳᑭ ᐁ ᐅᓰᒋᑳᑌᑭ ᐋᑕᓅᐦᑫᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ Canada-Scott ᑮ ᐅᑎᓇᒼ ᓃᑳᓇᐱᐏᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ Department of Indian Affairs ᐃᓯ ᐅᓃᑳᓇᐱᐤ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓯᐏᑭᒫᐤ ᐁᑯᐢᑭᐦᐠ 1913, ᐋᓴ ᐁᑯᑕ ᐁ ᑮ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐟ ᐊᐢᐱᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ 1879 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᑮ ᐱᒼᐸᓃᑖᐤ the department ᑫᑳᐨ ᓃᓱᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐃᐢᑯ ᐁ ᐴᓂ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐟ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1932 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ.
Bryce ᑮ ᐊᑐᐢᑳᑕᒼ ᐁ ᒨᓵᑭᓈᐠ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᓇ ᐃᓯ ᑳ ᐃᑕᒪᐦᒋᐦᐅᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐅᐦᐱᑭᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑳᑮ ᓂᐦᑖᐏᑭᒋᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐃᐢᑯᓂᑲᓂᐦᐠ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1904 ᐃᐢᑯ 1914 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᒫᑲ Scott ᑮ ᑭᐱᐢᑲᒼ ᑕ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᑳᑌᓂᐠ ᐁᑿ ᒹᐨ ᓈᐣᑕᐤ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑑᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐊᐘ Bryce ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᓇᑐᑕᒫᐟ ᑕ ᐸᒥᓂᑳᑌᓂᐠ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᑵᐢᐠ ᐸᒦᒋᑫᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᐚᐑᐸᐨ ᑕ ᓇᑕᐚᐯᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭᐏᓂᓂᐘᐠ. ᐃᑕ A National Crime, Bryce ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᒫᑫᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᐅᓇᑳᐢᑲᒫᑫᐤ Mr. D. C. Scott, ᐁᑿ ᐅᐲᑭᐢᑵᐏᐣ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐃᓯ Deputy Minister, ᒷᐨ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑑᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐅᐦᒋ the Department ᑕ ᒣᑭᓈᓂᐚᐠ ᒣᐢᑯᒋᐸᓂᐏᐣ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᓇ ᑳᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᓂᐚᑭ. ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᑮ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑘᐤ Scott’s ᐅᓇᑳᐢᑲᒧᐏᐣ ᐁ ᑮ ᑭᐲᑎᓇᒥᓂᐟ his 1907 ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑕ ᐊᑎ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᓂᐠ ᒫᒪᐓᐱᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ National Tuberculosis Association ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1910. ᐹᑎᒫ Scott ᐁ ᓃᑳᓂᐢᑳᐠ Department of Indian Affairs ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1913 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᑐᓂ ᑮ ᓇᑳᐢᑲᒼ Bryce’s ᓇᑐᓂᑫᐏᓇ ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᑘᐟ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᓂᐦᐠ reproduced in a National Crime ᐁᑳ Bryce ᐁ ᑮ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐊᑐᐢᑲᐚᐟ the department since a bureaucratic reorganization ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1908 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᑑᑕᒧᐏᐣ Bryce ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᓵᐳᓈᑿᐣ ᑲᑫᐹᑎᓯᐏᐣ ᐊᐢᐱᐣ Bryce ᐃᓴᐳᑯ ᐁ ᑮ ᑖᐱᑕᐏ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐢᑕᒪᐚᐟ the department ᐃᐢᑯ Scott ᐁ ᑭᐲᑎᓈᐠ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ.
ᐋᑕ ᐋᑎᐦᐟ ᐊᓂᓯᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐊᓄᐦᐨ ᑲᐢᑮᑖᐘᐠ ᑕ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᑖᒋᐠ ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ Scott’s ᐅᐲᑭᐢᑵᐏᐣ ᐅᑎᑌᓂᐦᑕᒧᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑿ ᑕ ᓯᐘᓈᒋᐦᑖᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐃᓰᐦᒋᑫᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑭ ᑕ ᐱᒫᑎᓰᒪᑲᐣ ᒥᓯ ᒪᒋ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᒧᐏᓂᐦᐠ. ᐁ ᐲᑭᐢᒁᑕᐦᐟ parliamentary committee ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1920 ᐁ ᒥᓄ ᑲᓇᐚᐸᐦᑕᐦᐠ ᑳ ᐃᓯ ᓇᑐᑕᒫᐟ ᐃᓯ Indian Act, ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ our objective is to continue ᐃᐢᑯ ᐁᑳ ᑕ ᐱᒫᑎᓯ ᐯᔭᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᐆᑕ Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic ᐁᑿ ᐁᑳ ᑕ ᑕᑯᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑲᑵᒌᐦᑫᒧᐏᓇ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ Department. The Indian Act ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᓇ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1919-20 ᑳᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᓂᐚᑭ ᐅᐦᒋ Parliament ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐅᓇᓯᐚᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐁᑕᐦᑐ ᐊᐢᑭᔨᓀᒋᐠ ᑌᐸᑯᐦᑊ ᐃᐢᑯ ᒥᑖᐟ ᓃᔮᓄᓵᑊ ᑕ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᐘᐦᒫᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᑮᓯᑳᐤ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᔨ ᐊᐦᐴ ᑲᐯᓯ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᐃᓯ ᐃᑕᓯᐍᐟ Superintendent General. ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᓇ ᑮ ᐃᑕᐢᑖᓂᐘᐣ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓰᑳᐣ ᑳ ᓈᓈᑲᒋᔮᐟ ᐅᑭᐢᑭᓄᐘᒫᑲᓇ ᑳ ᑮᒦᓂᐟ the authority ᐳᐦᑯ ᐃᑕ ᑕ ᐲᐦᑐᑫᐟ ᐁ ᐃᑌᓃᑖᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴ ᐁ ᐊᔮᓂᐟ. ᐅᓃᑭᐦᐃᑿᐠ ᑳ ᓴᓰᐱᐦᑕᐚᒋᐠ ᐊᐘ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓰᑳᐣ ᑕ ᐃᓯᒋᓴᐚᒋᐠ ᐊᐚᓯᓴ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᑮ ᑎᐸᔨᑫᑎᓈᐘᐠ ᓃᔃᐱᐢᐠ ᐊᐦᐴ ᑮ ᑭᐸᐚᐘᐠ ᒥᑖᐟ ᑮᓯᑳᐘ ᐊᐦᐴ ᓇᐳᐦ ᐁᑿ the act ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᑳᑌᐤ ᐳᐦᑯ ᐊᓂ ᐊᐚᓯᐢ ᑕᑮ ᐅᑎᓂᑳᓱᐤ ᐁᑿ ᐊᓭᑮᐍᑖᐤ ᐃᓯ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐊᐘ ᓯᒫᑲᓂᓰᑳᐣ.
ᑭᑭ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᓇ ᐃᓯ Indian Act that made attendance compulsory, Scott ᐊᓯᒋ the Canadian government ᑮ ᓰᐦᒋᐦᐁᐘᐠ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᑕ ᐃᑐᐦᑌᓂᐟ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫᑲᒥᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑖᑭᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ Bryce ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐁ ᐋᐦᑯᓰᒪᑳᑭ ᐁᑿ ᑲᑵᐢᐸᓀᓂᐦᑕᑿᓂᓂᑭ. ᐃᑕ A National Crime, Bryce ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ ᐃᓂᑯᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ [the government’s] criminal disregardᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᓱᑕᒫᑫᐎᓇ ᑕ ᐸᒥᓈᐟ Indian wards of the nation.
ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ Bryce ᐁ ᐸᑭᑎᓈᐠ A National Crime, ᐃᑘᐢᑐᒫᑫᐘᐠ ᑮ ᓃᑳᓂ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᐦᑕᒪᐠ ᑕ ᑮᑳᑐᐚᓂᐚᐠ. ᑖᐱᐢᑰᐨ the Vancouver Province ᑳᑮ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐟ ᒫᒥᐢᑰᑕᒫᑫᐏᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐃᑕ House of Commons: Fireworks ᑮ ᐃᑌᓂᐦᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐃᓯ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᐅᑕᐱᐘᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ the House ᐁ ᑮ ᓃᒫᐢᑵᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ.
ᐃᑖᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᑮ ᐃᑕᓯᓇᐦᐃᑳᑌᐤ ᑮ ᐃᑌᓂᐦᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᑕ ᐚᐸᐦᑎᓅᐢᑳᓂᐚᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ Canada ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᐸᒥᓂᑳᓱᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᒣᐢᒋᓀᒋᐠ ᐅᐦᐸᓇᐦᐱᓀᐏᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ. The Minister ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ ᒣᑿᐨ ᒫᒥᐢᑰᑕᒫᑫᐏᐣ ᐅᓇᑭᐦᑕᒫᑫᐏᓇ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓈᓈᑲᒋᐦᔩᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᐃᑗᐤ ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃ ᓲᓂᔮᐤ ᓇᑕᐍᓂᐦᑖᑯᓯᐤ ᐃᓯ ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭ ᐁᑿ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑫ ᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᒧᓇ ᐁᓵᒼ ᐃᓇᑐ ᐑᐸᐨ ᐃᓯ the department to waken up. ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑭᐏᓂᓂᐤ Bryce ᐊᑖᒣᓂᒣᐤ Mr. Duncan Campbell Scott the poet who is deputy minister of the department.
ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑭᓊᐢ ᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᑕ ᓃᐸᔨᐢᑖᑭᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᒦᐦᒋᐟ ᒧᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑲᑵ ᑲᓇᐚᐸᐦᑕᒪᐠ ᑖᐻᐏᐣ. ᑮ ᑭᑭ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐘᐠ ᐁᑯᓯ ᐃᓯ. ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᑳᑮ ᑲᒁᑕᑮᑯᒋᐠ ᑮ ᐲᑐᑵᐸᓂᓂᐤ ᐅᑕᐦᒑᑯᐚᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯᓇᐍᓯᒋᐠ ᑮ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᐍᐘᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑳᑮ ᓵᑭᐦᐋᒋᐠ.
ᓅᑯᒼ Lydia ᐁ ᑮ ᐸᐢᐲᐟ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᓄᓭᐤ ᓰᐱ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᐠ ᐆᑕ ᑭᓄᓭᐤ ᓰᐱ Manitoba. ᒹᐨ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑕᒥᓂᐘ ᐆᓯᓯᒪ ᑖᓂᓯ ᑳᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓃᑯᐟ ᒭᔦᐢ ᐴᓂ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐟ. ᓂᑮ ᑭᔪᑳᐣ ᒦᐦᒉᑤᐤ ᐁ ᓃᐱᐦᐠ ᐃᑖᐏᐣ Dauphin, Manitoba, ᑮ ᑕᑲᐣ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᐠ ᐁᑯᑕ ᓂᓯᑯᓯᐦᐠ Lily ᐑᑭᐦᐠ ᒫᓇ ᓂᑮ ᑲᐯᓯᐣ ᐊᓯᒋ ᒣᒁᐨ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᓲᐢᑲᓈᑕᐦᐄᐏᐣ ᒪᔨᓀᐓᑐᐏᓇ. Dauphin has a population ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᐊᔨᓈᓀᐤ ᑭᐦᒋ ᒥᑖᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐁᑿ is served by ᓃᓱ ᑭᐦᒋᓇ ᒣᐢᑲᓇᐘ. ᐋᑕ ᒹᐨ ᓂᑭᐢᑭᓯᐣ ᑕ ᑕᑯᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᐠ ᐁ ᑮ ᐱᒼᐸᓃᑖᓂᐚᐠ ᐁᑯᑕ ᐅᐦᒋ 1914 ᐃᐢᑯ 1988 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᒧᐦᑳᐨ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᑖᐱᐢᑰᐨ ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᑮ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᒭᐦᒋ Bryce ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᓈᐢᑖᓂᐚᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᐘᓂᑭᐢᑭᓯᑑᒋᐦᑳᑌᓂᐠ ᐃᐢᑯ ᐑᐸᐨ 1990s.
ᐑᐸᐨ 1990s ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᑮ ᑫᒋᐦᓈᐦᐅᐸᓂᐤ ᐁ ᑮ ᑵᐢᑭᐸᓂᐠ ᐃᓯ Indigenous-Canadian history. ᐅᐚᐏ ᐲᓯᒼ 1990 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ Elijah Harper, a Manitoba MLA, ᑮ ᐊᐱᐤ ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐁ ᒥᒋᒥᓈᐟ ᒥᑭᓯᐤ ᒦᑻᓇ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᐊᓭᓇᒼ ᑕ ᓰᑐᐢᑳᐠ the Meech Lake Accord ᐅᓵᒼ ᐁᑳ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑲᓇᐚᐸᐦᒋᑳᑌᓂᑭ ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐲᐦᒋ ᒫᒪᐏᓂᑐᐏᐣ thereby ending a constitutional-reform process that required unanimous provincial support. ᑳᑮ ᐃᑘᐟ Harper ᐅᐦᒋ ᒫᒥᐢᑰᑕᒫᑫᐏᐣ ᐋᐢᑲᐤ ᐯᔭᐠᐚᐤ in Canadian history ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐋᓂᒥᓯᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑳ ᓇᐦᐋᐸᐦᒋᑳᑌᑭ ᐁᑿ ᐋᐢᑲᐤ ᐯᔭᒁᐤ in history ᐊᓂᒪ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᒧᐏᐣ of our systems ᑳ ᐃᑎᐢᑳᑯᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐁ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᐠ.
ᐯᔭᐠ ᐲᓯᒼ ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᑭᐸᐦᐃᑲᐣ ᑮ ᒋᒪᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐁ ᑮ ᓇᑳᐦᑎᓂᑳᑌᐠ ᒣᑕᐍᐏᐣ ᐁᑳ ᑕ ᒪᐦᑭᓰᐦᑖᓂᐚᐠ ᐃᓯ Kanesatake Mohawk territory ᓀᑲᐦᐯᔭᓄᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ Montreal ᑮ ᒫᒋᐸᓂᐤ ᑌᐸᑯᐦᐳᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᔨᓈᓀᐓᓵᑊ ᑮᓯᑳᐘ Oka crisis. ᐑᑳᑐᐤ ᐁ ᑕᒁᑭᓄᐦᐠ ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐟ ᑕᒁᑭᓂ ᐲᓯᒼ ᓂᐢᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ interview ᐊᓯᒋ CBC ᐅᐦᑖᐦᒋᒧᐢᑕᒫᑫᐤ Barbara Frum, Phil Fontaine, ᑭᐦᒋ ᐅᑭᒫᐤ ᐅᐦᒋ Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, ᑮ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐤ ᐁ ᑮ ᑲᒁᑕᑭᔩᐟ ᐁᑯᑕ Fort Alexander ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐃᑕ Manitoba.
ᐋᓴ ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑮ ᒫᒋ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐘᐠ ᑖᐻᐏᐣ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐅᐦᒋ Red Power movement ᐁᑯᐢᐱᐦᐠ 1960s ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐃᓯ ᓇᐢᐸᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᑭᑐᐦᒋᑫᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐘᐢᑲᐑᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ 1970s ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᒁᓂ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐋᐢᑌᐯᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ 1980s ᐁᑿ 1990s ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ. ᑳ ᐃᐢᐱᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᑮᑖᓱᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐁ ᒫᒪᐏᐣᑐᒋᐠ ᐁ ᓇᑕᐑᓱᒋᐠ ᑮ ᒥᐢᑲᒪᐠ ᐯᔭᑿᐣ ᐅᐦᑖᐦᒋᒧᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᐊᓭᐸᓂᓂᑭ ᐃᓯ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᑳᑮ ᑕᑯᑭ Canada ᐋᓂᐢᑳᐨ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ. ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐊᔮᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᑲᓇᐚᐸᐦᑕᒼ a national crime by Bryce, ᐯᔭᑿᓄᐦᐠ ᑲᑿᑕᑫᓂᒧᐏᐣ ᐋᐦᑿᑎᓱᐏᐣ ᐊᓯᒋ ᓇᓀᐯᐏᓯᐏᐣ.
ᐊᐘᓯᒣ ᑳ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐃᐢᐸᓃᑯᒋᐠ ᑮ ᐊᑎ ᒨᐢᑭᓇᒪᐠ ᑖᐻᐏᐣ ᑳᑮ ᑳᑖᓂᐚᐠ ᐃᓯ ᐊᐢᑭᔨᐦᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐅᑖᓊᐦᑕᒧᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᑎᐱᓇᐍ ᐑᓇᐚᐤ. ᐆᐦᐃ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ ᑮ ᐑᒋᐦᑫᒪᑲᓇ ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᒥᓂ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑮ ᒫᒋ ᑑᑕᒪᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐃᓰᒋᑫᐏᐣ ᐲᑭᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᓇᐢᐸᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᑭᑐᐦᒋᑫᐏᐣ.
The Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (RCAP), ᑳᑮ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᓂᐚᐠ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᐁ ᑮᓵᑲᒪᑳᐠ Oka crisis, ᑮ ᒨᐢᑭᓂᑳᑌᐘ ᒦᐦᒉᐟ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ ᐁ ᑮ ᐘᓂᑭᐢᑭᓯᑐᒋᑳᑌᑭ ᐊᐦᐴ ᐁ ᑮ ᑳᑖᓂᐚᑭ ᐁᐘᑯᒦᓇ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ. ᒣᒁᐨ ᐁ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐟ commission historian John Milloy unearthed Bryce’s ᐅᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᑕᑯ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᐅᒥᐢᑲᒧᐏᓇ ᐃᑕ ᐁᔪᑯ ᐃᐢᑲᐚᐨ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ.
The Commission’s ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᑮ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐋᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐅᑲᑿᑕᑫᓂᒧᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᒧᓇ ᐳᐦᑯ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᒫᑲ ᒦᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐅᑕᐢᑭᔨᐚᐘ ᑳᑮ ᐘᓃᑖᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐅᐱᒫᑎᓰᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᐁᑿ ᑳᑮ ᓯᐘᓈᒌᑖᓂᐘᓂᑭ ᐅᐦᑎᓂᓂ ᐃᑖᐏᓇ ᐊᓯᒋ ᓂᐱ ᑳᑮ ᐋᐸᒌᑖᓂᐚᐠ for mining, timber, and hydroelectric development. The RCAP ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ ᐃᑕᐢᑌᐤ ᑭᐦᒋ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑫᐏᐣ ᐅᐦᒋ Indigenous-Canada relations.
ᑲᑿᑕᑫᓂᒧᐏᓇ ᑳ ᐋᑐᒋᑳᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐹᐢᑫᑭᓂᑲᓇ ᑮ ᐑᒋᐦᑫᒪᑲᓇ ᑕ ᐅᓰᑖᓂᐚᐠ Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF), which supported community-based Aboriginal-directed healing initiatives ᑕ ᑲᓇᐚᐸᐦᒋᑳᑌᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᑲᑿᑕᑫᓂᒧᐏᐣ ᐲᐦᒋ Canada’s ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᑭᐢᑭᓂᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐁᐘᑯᒦᓇ intergenerational impacts. ᑮ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᒪᑲᐣ ᒥᑖᐟ ᐯᔭᑯᓵᑊ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᑮᓯ ᐸᓂᐤ 2009 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ.
ᓂᑮ ᐃᑕᐱᐣ AHF’s director of communications ᓃᓱ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᒫᑲ ᓂᑮ ᑕᑯᓯᓂᐣ ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᑮᓯ ᐱᐳᐦᐠ 2006 ᐁ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᑮᓯ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᒪᑳᐠ foundation. ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᐊᓯᒋ media ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ as well as community and kitchen-table discussions ᑮ ᐑᒋᐦᑫᒪᑲᐣ ᐃᓯ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑕ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑕ ᓇᑐᓈᑭᐠ funding for their communities. ᑮ ᐋᓂᒨᐦᒋᑳᑌᐤ ᐅᐢᑭ ᓲᓃᔮᐢ ᐅᐦᒋ federal government to fund ᐅᐢᑳᔨ programming ᐁᑿ ᑕ ᐊᑐᐢᑳᑖᐠ ᒥᐦᒉᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ front-line programs ᐃᓯ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐋᐦᐲᐦᑕᔨᑯᓵᓇᐠ ᐁᑿ Inuit ᐃᑖᐏᓇ ᐊᑳᒥ Canada. ᒹᐨ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ.
ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃ ᐯᐦᑕᒧᐏᐣ. ᓭᐏᐱᒋᑲᐣ ᑕ ᒪᑌᑎᐣ ᐃᑕ AHF office, ᐁᑿ ᓭᒫᐠ ᐁ ᒫᒋ ᐊᔭᒥᔮᐠ ᓂᑮ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ ᑕ ᑯᐢᑖᐢᐋᐦᒋᒧᐟ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐏᔭᐠ ᑳ ᐯ ᐊᔭᒥᐟ. The foundation ᑮ ᐑᒋᐦᔦᐤ ᐃᓂᓂᐘ ᑕ ᒥᓄ ᐊᔮᓂᐠ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐃᓯ ᑲᑿᑕᑮᑖᓂᐟ ᒫᑲ ᒦᐦᒉᐟ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ step ᐁ ᑮ ᓇᑐᐍᓃᑖᑭᐠ ᑕ ᐯᐦᑖᑯᓯᒋᐠ. ᑮ ᓇᑐᐍᓃᑕᒪᐠ ᑕ ᑖᐻᑖᑯᒋᐠ ᐊᐏᔭᑿ. ᑖᐻᐏᐣ ᑮ ᐸᐢᐲᐩᑯᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᓄᐦᑌ ᐊᔭᒥᑐᑕᒪᐠ ᐅᑖᐻᐏᓂᐚᐘ ᑎᐯᓂᒥᓱᐏᓂᐦᐠ ᒫᑲ ᑮ ᐋᓂᒪᐣ ᑕ ᒥᐢᑲᐚᒋᐠ ᐊᐏᔭᑿ ᑕ ᓇᑐᐦᑖᑯᒋᐠ.
ᒹᐨ ᓃᐢᑕ ᓂᑮ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ ᓂᑖᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᐋᐦᐴ ᑖᓂᓯ ᓅᑯᒼ Lydia ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐸᐢᐲᐟ. ᒧᓇ ᓂᑮ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᑳᑮ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐟ. ᐑᑳᑕᐤ ᑳᑮ ᐊᑎ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑕᒫᐣ ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᑐᐦᑌᐟ ᑭᐢᑭᓂᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᒹᐨ ᓂᑮ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ ᑖᓂᓯ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐸᑲᒥᐢᑳᑯᐟ ᐁᑿ ᑮᔮᐱᐨ ᒹᐨ ᓂᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ. ᐊᐦᐴ ᐹᑎᒫ the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ the evidence is still being discovered, uncovered, and recovered. ᐊᓄᐦᐨ ᒋᐦᑫ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᓇ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳᑮ ᐸᐢᐲᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᓂᑕᑎ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ of nutritional, medical, and pharmaceutical experiments performed on ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᑲᑿᑕᑮᐍᐏᐣ ᐃᓯ electric ᑌᐦᑕᐱᐏᓇ ᐁᑿ isolation closets.
ᒧᓇ ᓈᐢᐱᐨ ᓂ ᓄᐦᑌ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑌᐣ ᑖᓂᓯ ᑳᑮ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐃᑕ ᓅᑯᒼ Lydia ᑳᑮ ᐃᑐᐦᑌᐟ ᐅᓵᒼ ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃ ᓂᑲ ᐃᑌᓃᑌᐣ. ᒫᑲ ᓂ ᐚᐸᐦᑌᐣ ᐃᓇᑐ ᓂᑎᐢᑵᒑᑲᐣ ᐅᑖᓂᓯᒫᐤ ᐁ ᓇᐢᐱᑕᐚᐟ Lydiawa ᐁᑿ ᐁᑯᓯ ᒦᓇ ᐁ ᐃᓯ ᐱᒨᑕᔨᓱᐟ. ᐯᔭᐠ ᑮᓯᑳᐤ ᓂ ᒪᒫᒥᑐᓀᓂᒫᐤ ᓂᑖᓂᐢ ᐁ ᐱᒧᐦᑌᐟ ᐲᐦᒋ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᒫᑐᐏᑲᒥᑯᐦᐠ ᐁᑻᓂ ᓂᑕᑎ ᒫᒋ ᒫᑐᐣ.
Cindy Blackstock – the executive director ᐅᐦᒋ the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society and a member of the Gitxsan First Nation ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ Bryce’s ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᓃᑳᓀᓂᐦᑖᑿᓂᓂᐤ. Blackstock ᑭᑭ ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᓈᑲᓇ ᐊᓯᒋ the Assembly of First Nations, ᑮ ᓄᐦᑎᓂᑫᐘᐠ ᒥᑖᐟ ᓃᔮᓄᓵᑊ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐃᓯ ᐅᓇᓯᐍᐏᐣ ᐁ ᐃᑘᒋᐠ the federal government ᐁ ᑮ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᐚᐟ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᑳ ᑲᓀᓃᑖᑯᓯᒋᐠ by providing them less funding than the amount provided to non ᐃᓂᓂᐏ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ. ᑮ ᐴᓂ ᓅᑎᐣᑐᐘᐠ ᐁᑿ ᓀᐓᒥᑕᓇᐤ $billion agreement in principle, ᐁᑯᓯ government ᐁ ᑮ ᐃᓯ ᐊᓱᑕᒫᑫᐟ ᑕ ᑵᐢᑲᐢᑖᐟ the system ᐁᑿ ᑕ ᑎᐸᐦᒪᐚᐟ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐅᐑᑎᓵᓃᐦᐃᐚᐘ.
The federal and provincial governments ᑮ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑕᒪᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑮ ᐅᑎᓇᒪᐠ ᐁᑳ ᑵᐢᐠ ᑕ ᑑᑕᐚᒋᐠ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᐋᐲᐦᑕᔨᑯᓵᓇᐠ ᐁᑿ Inuit ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ which has produced, and continues to produce, devastating results, Blackstock ᑮ ᐃᑘᐤ. The public ᑮ ᑭᐢᑫᓃᑕᒪᐠ ᐊᓂᐦᐃ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᑕ ᐃᓯ ᑵᐢᐠ ᐊᐢᑖᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᐁ ᑮ ᑭᓯᐚᓯᒋᐠ by the government inaction, ᒫᑲ ᐆᐦᐃ ᐘᐣᑑᑕᒧᐏᓇ ᒹᐨ ᑭᓊᐢ ᒥᒋᒥᓂᑳᑌᐘ public attention ᑕ ᓰᐦᒋᐦᐋᒋᐠ government ᑵᐢᐠ ᑕ ᑑᑖᐠ.
ᑮ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑘᐤ ᒦᐦᒋᐟ ᑭᐦᒋ ᒥᑖᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ of caring Canadians ᑮ ᐃᑭᐢᑲᒪᐠ ᐁ ᐅᓵᐏᓈᑿᓂᑭ ᐸᐸᑯᐘᔮᓇ ᐃᐢᐱᐦᐠ ᑳ ᒥᐢᑲᐚᒋᐠ ᐊᐚᓯᓴᐠ ᐃᑕ ᐁᑳ ᐁ ᑭᐢᑭᓇᐚᒌᑖᓂᐚᑭ ᐊᓂᑿᐦᐢᑳᓇ ᓃᐱᓄᐦᐠ ᐁᑿ in response the federal government implemented more [of the] Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s calls to action in a couple of months than they had in the previous ᓂᑻᑞᓯᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᑮᓈᓇᐤ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᑕ ᑮ ᐊᔭᒥᐦᑖᔭᐦᐠ the TRC calls to action, ᐁᑿ ᑕ ᐃᓯᒋᓵᒪᐚᑯᐠ ᑳᑭᓇᐤ ᑳ ᓃᑳᓂᐢᑳᑯᐚᑯᐠ ᑕ ᑲᑵᒋᒫᑯᐠ ᑫᑻᐣ ᐁ ᑑᑖᑭᐠ ᑕ ᐅᓇᐢᑖᒋᐠ ᐁᑿ ᑕ ᒫᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑮᔮᐠ ᐃᐢᑯ ᑕ ᒦᓄᐸᓂᐠ.
In this age of reconciliation, we must reconcile our shared history. ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ᑮᔮᐱᐨ ᐃᓯ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐘᐠ ᐁᑯᓵᓂ that the rest of the country has conveniently ᐸᑭᑎᓈᐠ ᑲᔮᐢ. ᐱᒫᑎᓰᒪᑲᐣ ᐆᒪ ᐋᐦᒋᒧᐏᐣ ᐁᑿ ᐅᑕᑐᐢᑫᐏᐣ ᐊᓯᒋ ᐅᑕᔭᒥᐏᐣ Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce ᑮᔮᐱᐨ ᑕ ᑮ ᐯᐦᑖᑿᓂᓂᐠ ᐃᓯ ᐑᓴᑭᐦᑖᑿᓂᓂᐠ ᑖᐱᐢᑰᐨ ᐴᑖᒋᑲᐣ ᑳᑮ ᐯ ᐴᑖᒋᑳᑌᐠ ᒥᑖᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᑳᑮ ᐃᓯ ᓇᑕᐍᓂᒫᐟ ᐊᓂᓯᓂᓂᐘᐠ the Canadian public.
Additional Notes
This is the Cree Syllabics chart that Diana referenced while translating, standardized by the School District of Mystery Lake:
