Preventoriums at Residential Schools in Inuktitut
By: Kaila Johnston
Kaila Johnston
Contributing Writer
As the Supervisor of Education, Outreach, and Public Programming at the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, Kaila oversees matters related to the support of educators, development of resources, establishment of outreach initiatives, as well as public engagement on residential schools and their legacy. Prior to joining the NCTR, Kaila worked with the TRC as a statement gatherer and coordinator to support statement gathering activities. She holds a BA (Hons.) in Criminal Justice from the University of Winnipeg and a MSc in International Crimes and Criminology from Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Kaila is Cree and was born and raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕆᐊᕕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᖅᑎᑕᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ
ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᓚ ᔮᓐᓴᓐ
ᑐᓴᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕕᑦ ᐱᑕᐃᓪᒪᔪᑎᓐᓂᒃ? ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᑐᓴᖅᖢᖑ ᐅᓇᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᐳᕙᓗᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᖃᓄᖅ ᑕᐃᒪ ᑖᑯᐊᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖕᖏᓂᖃᖅᐸᑦ?
ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕖᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᕙᓪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᑉᓗᑎᒃ. ᑖᑉᑯᐊ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕖᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓚᐅᖏᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᑉᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᐃᓪᓗᐊᖅᓴᐃᔪᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᖑᖅᑎᓕᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᓯᒪᖏᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐃᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᕐᕆᔭᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᒪᑕ, ᓄᓇᖃᖄᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑭᑎᑕᐅᕙᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᒡᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕆᖏᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑕᐅᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᒐᐅᓕᕐᒪᑕ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᓚᖕᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕕᒃᑕᖃᖏᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᖃᖏᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᑦᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓗ, ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᑕᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᐊᓂᑦᓯᐊᖁᑉᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᖏᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖏᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓪᓕ, ᓱᓇᐅᓕᖅᐸ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᑦ? ᑐᓂᓐᓂᐊᖅᐸᒋᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᖅᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᕐᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑖ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᔪᓪᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑎᕆᔭᖓᓂ, “ᐱᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ”.
ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ ᐳᕙᓗᓗᐊᖏᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒋᐊᒥᔪᓄᑦ. ᑖᑯᐊ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔫᓪᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᖐᑐᑉᓗᑎᒃ, ᖃᑯᖅᖢᑎᒃ, ᓂᕆᑦᓯᐊᖅᓯᒪᓇᑎᒃ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᖁᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᒐᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᑖᑯᐊ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕖᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᐊᕐᕕᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕖᑦ ᐅᑯᐃᒐᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᓗᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᑑᕕᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᐊᒪᒃᑎᑦᓯᑕᐃᓪᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ. [1]
1938−ᒥ ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐱᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᖅᑎᒃᓯᔨ ᐃᓐᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᒪᕈᐃᓕᖓᔪᖕᓂᒃ ᓄᑕᖃᓂᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓂᒃ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ, ᓄᑕᖃᖅ ᐊᖏᓕᕙᓕᐊᔪᓂᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᒦᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ. ᑐᒡᓕᖏᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᑯᐊᖑᔪᑦ “ᐊᑦᑐᒐᐅᓗᐊᖅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᒥᖏᑦ ᓈᒪᒃᖢᑎ” ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᕿᒃᑕᐅᒃᐸᑕ. [2] ᑕᑯᐊ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖏᒥ ᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑑᓪᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕈᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ.
ᑐᒃᓯᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑖᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᐅᓕᒪᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕈᐊᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᕕᖕᓂᐅᖏᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓂᒃ, ᐱᔪᑎᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔫᓪᓗᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑐᑭᖃᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔫᓪᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᑭᑐᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᓇᔭᕐᒪᖔᑖ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑭᑐᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᖏᓪᓗᑎᑐᒃ ᐱᑕᐅᓕᒪᔪᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᓄᖓ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᑯᑯᓕᑦᓴ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᕕᒃ ᓯᓗᕚᒃᒥ 1935−ᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᓕᕐᒪᑕ 164 ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒃ 214−ᖑᑉᓗᑎᒃ, 77−ᐳᓯᓐᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᑎᒋᔪᑦ. ᐃᓂᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᒡᓗᕕᓂᖓᓂ, ᑯᑯᓕᑦᓴ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᖃᕐᕕ ᐃᓕᓂᒋᔭᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᑕᓕᒪᓪᓗᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ, ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᔭᖑᐊᕐᒧᑦ. [3]
ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐃᕖᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᒃ ᐊᓪᓗᕐᑦ ᐸᐃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑐᒃᓯᐊᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊᒥ. ᐊᓪᓗᕐᑦ ᐸᐃᒥ ᐱᑕᐅᓕᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᒃ ᐃᓐᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᕕᓂᐅᑉ ᐃᒡᓗᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᒫᖅᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᓇᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑉᑕᐅᖅ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᒃᑕᖃᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᓐᑐ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐊᓂ ᒪᓂᑑᐸᒥ ᐅᑯᐃᒐᐅᓂᑰᑉᓗᓂ 1938−ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᑯᐊᖅᑕᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᒪᑦ. ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᔪᑎᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᑯᐃᖅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᖏᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᕗᒍᒃ ᓲᖑᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑐᖃᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐᕐ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᒧᑦ.
ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᓐᑐ ᐱᑕᐅᓕᒪᕕᐊᓂ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᐃᒃᓯᕋᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ, E.D.R. ᐱᓯᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ “ᐃᒃᓯᕋᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑐᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᖅ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔫᓪᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᖁᔭᐅᒍᒥᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᖕᓄᑦ.” [4] ᑕᒡᕙᓂ ᑎᑎᖃᒥ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ ᐱᓯᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᑯᓘᒐᓗᐊᖅ ᑖᒻᓇ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑎᑕᐅᖕᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᓱᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᖅ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᓇᔭᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᑯᔭᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᖕᖏᑉᐸᑦ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᑕᐃᓕᕕᖕᓂ.
ᐃᒃᓯᕋᕐᔪᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓂᑐᐸᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᓐᑎᐅᕆᔪᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᕙᒍᒋᔭᐅᓄᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖄᖏᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᓯᒪᒃᐸᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ, ᐋᕿᒃᓯᒪᖏᑐᖃᖅᐸᑦ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖁᔨᖏᑐᖃᖅᐸᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖏᒥ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᖃᖁᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᖁᔭᐅᖕᒪᖔᕐᒦᒃ.[5]
ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᒐᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᐊᖏᑐᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓇᔭᓇᖅᑐᒦᑦᑐᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑐᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᕕᖕᓄᑦ. ᐃᒻᒪᓇᓕ ᐃᓕᖓᑎᑕᐅᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐱᑦᑕᐅᓕᒪᕕᖕᓂ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ “ᓂᕿᑲᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᕋᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓲᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅ ᐱᐊᓂᒃᐸᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ.”[6]
1941-ᒥ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᔪᑦ P.E. ᒧᐊ, ᐅᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᒐᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᕈᕐᓃᖅᓴᕐᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᑎᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᐅᖏᑦᖢᑎᒃ, ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᔪᒃ ᐊᑐᖁᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑐᑦ, ᒥᕐᖑᐃᕐᓯᕐᕕᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᐃᓪᓚᓕᐅᑎᓯᒪᑕᖏᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᕐᓄᑦ.[7]
ᑕᖀᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ 1938, 28−ᓂᒃ ᓄᑕᕋᖅᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ, 13 ᓂᕕᐊᖅᓯᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ 15 ᐃᓅᓱᒃᑐᐃᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ 6 ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ 13, ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᓐᑐᑉ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᐊᓂ ᐃᒡᓕᖃᖅᑐᖅ 30−ᓂᒃ. ᖃᓄᖅ ᐅᓇᕐᓂᖏ ᐅᑉᓗᖅ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᖅᑕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᒐᐅᑕᓪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᑉᓗᑎᒡᓗ. ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᓯᐅᒐᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᒐᐅᑉᑐᑎᒃ. ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᑯᐊ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᔭᐅᑦᓯᐊᖁᑉᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓐᓇᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᐅᓯᕚᓕᓕᕐᒪᖔᑖ.[8]
1938−ᒥ ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐱᔪᖅ ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ E.D.R. ᐱᓯᑦ, ᐋᖀᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᒐᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᒧᐊᒍᑎᓐᒡᓗ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ: [9]
ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐅᑉᕙᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᑭᓪᓚᓖᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᖅ ᑎᒥᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᓂᑎᕆᔪᖅ ᓄᑕᕋᐅᖃᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᐃᑐᕐᓗᒃᑑᓪᓗᐊᑐᖅ.
ᑕᑯᐊ ᐅᑉᓗᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᑐᒐᐅᑕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ:
7:00 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ − ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᒪᑭᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᕐᒥᒡᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᒡᓕᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᒐᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᒥᖏᑕ ᐅᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᒡᓗ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᒐᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒥᕐᓗᖏᑲᓪᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑖ. ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᓂᐊᕐᓂᖃᕈᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᑕᕋᖅ ᐃᓄᑑᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᖃᕕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓐᓂᑯᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᓐᓂᐊᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᔨᒧᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ.
7:50 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ − ᐅᑉᓛᕈᒥᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ
8:25 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ − ᑭᒍᑎᓯᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓇᕐᕕᖕᒨᕐᓗᑎᒃ
8:30 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ − ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ
10:30 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ − ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᐊᓂᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓯᓚᒥ ᐊᓐᓃᖑᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ 11:45 ᐅᑉᓛᑯᑦ
12:00 ᐅᑉᓗᑯᑦ − ᐅᑉᓗᕈᒥᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ
12:30 ᐅᑉᓗᑯᑦ − ᒥᕐᖑᐃᖅᓯᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ
1:30 ᐅᑉᓗᑯᑦ − ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ
2:30 ᐅᑉᓗᑯᑦ − ᓂᕆᐊᓂᒃᐸᑕ, ᓯᓪᓚᒥ ᐱᖑᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ 4:30 ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ
5:00 ᐅᓐᓄᒃᓴᑯᑦ − ᐅᓐᓄᒍᒥᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ
5:45 ᐅᓐᓄᒃᓴᑯᑦ − ᐅᕕᓂᖕᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᑎᒥᖏᑕ ᐅᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᒐᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ (ᑎᑎᕋᒐᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ).
7:00 ᐅᓐᓄᑯᑦ − ᐃᒡᓕᕐᒧᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ
ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐃᓯᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᓗᑎᐊᓛᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᖁᑎᒃᑎᓴᐅᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᑉᓗᖅ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᕐᓗᒍ, ᐊᓪᓘᑎᐊᓛᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᒋᒃᓴᐅᒻᒥᒃ, ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓗᒍ ᐅᑉᓗ ᑕᒡᒪᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᒐᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐅᑉᓗᕈᒥᑕᕐᕕᖕᓂᒥ ᓯᕿᓂᖅᓯᖁᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ 15 – 20 ᒥᓇᓂᒃ.
ᖁᐃᒃᑎᓴᐅᒻᒥᒃ ᐄᓯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕕᑦ? ᐱᓯᒪᖏᒃᑯᕕᑦ, ᐊᐱᕆᐅᒃ ᐊᖓᔪᖄᖅ, ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨ, ᐅᑉᕙᓖᓐᓃᒃ ᐊᓈᓇᒃᓯᐊᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓱᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑎᐱᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ!
ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕋᔭᖅᑐᖓ ᑕᕿᓂᒃ ᐃᑮᓇᖏᓂᕐᓂ ᓯᓚᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᖁᔨᓇᔭᖅᑐᖓ. ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᒪᑐᓕᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᒪᑦᓯᑕᐅᓯᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᑲᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᓴᕙᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓴᓇᖑᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᒥᖑᐊᖑᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᑕᐃᑯᓐᓄᖓ ᑕᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᕈᐊᔪᔪᓂᒃ. ᐊᕙᑎᕗᑦ ᐅᖃᔪᖕᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖏᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᑎᒥᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᖁᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᒪᔪᐊᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᑯᐊ ᐅᒪᔪᐊᕈᓰᑦ ᓱᕋᐃᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓰᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᑯᐊ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᕈᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᐅᓇ ᐆᒃᑑᑦ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥᓯᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑖᒻᓇ ᓂᕆᔭᒃᓴᑦᓴᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓇᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᑕᖃᓄᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᖏᑐᓄᑦ.[10]
ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᒃᖠᓇᖅᑎᒋᕙ ᓂᕆᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᓗᕿᑐᓪᓗᑎᒃ?
| ᓴᓇᑕᐃᓕᐅᒐᓂᑳᖓᑦ | ||
| ᐅᑉᓛᖁᒥᑕᖅ | ᐅᑉᓗᕈᒥᑕᖅ | ᐅᓐᓄᒍᒥᑕᖅ |
| ᐋᐳ ᐅᑉᓛᕈᒥᑕᖅ ᑲᔪᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕿᕈᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐸᑕ ᐃᒻᒧᒃ | ᑎᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᕋᑦ ᐸᑕᐃᑐᖅ ᐸᒪᖕᒃ ᒪᔨ ᐃᒻᒧᒃ | ᑐᒪᐃᑐ ᑲᔪᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕿᕈᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐸᑕ ᓯᕐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ |
ᐊᒡᔪᓕᕐᕕᒃ 1938, ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ J.D. ᐊᑕᒻᓴᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ A.G ᕼᐊᒻᒥᐅᓪᑕᓐ, ᐅᐸᒍᑎᓪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᓐᑐᑉ ᐱᑦᑕᐅᓕᒪᕕᐊᓄᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓚᐅᖅᖢᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓐᓂᑯᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐳᕙᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓕᐅᕐᓂᑯᓂᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ, 27 ᒪᒥᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕋᒐᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᕕᖕᒧᓕᐊᕆᐊᖃᕋᑎᒃ.
ᐱᐅᓯᕚᓕᖅᓂᕋᒐᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒍᑎᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖏᒧᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑐᑦᓯᓇᔭᖅᐸᑕ, ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᖅ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᑎᑕᐅᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᑖᑯᓄᖓᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖏᒦᑐᓐᓄᑦ. ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒻᒪᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᐃᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᕈᑕᖅᑐᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐱᖕᖑᐊᖅᖢᑎᒡᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥᐅᖏᑐᖅ. ᓂᕆᕕᒃ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᐃᑲᖓᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓯᓚᒥ ᐱᖑᐊᕖ ᐱᑕᖃᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐃᓕᑉᓗᑎᒃ.[11]
ᓇᑦᓯᐊᑦ 3, 1939, ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ P.E. ᒧᐊᕐ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ, ᐅᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᒑ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᕼᐊᒥᐅᓪᑕᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ. ᐱᓯᒃ.ᑦ[12] ᐅᖃᐅᑎᑉᓗᒍ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ ᐱᑕᐃᓪᓕᒪᕕᒃ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᓐᑐᒥ ᓈᒪᑎᓯᐊᕈᒋᓇᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᒐᒥᐅᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐃᑐᐃᕕᐅᓇᓱᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ.
ᓚᐳᕆᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᓴᔅᑳᓱᕙᒥ “ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ” ᑕᐃᑯᐊᑎᑐᑦ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐᒥ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᑕᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ. ᑖᑯᐊ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᖃᑕᐅᒐᓪᓗᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓚᕐᒥᒡᓗ, 25−ᓂᒃ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᓄᐃᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅ ᐊᓐᓂᒍᕐᒪᑦ. ᑕᑯᐊ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᖕᒪᑕ ᓕᐳᕆᑦᒥᑦ, ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᓄᐃᑐᖃᖅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖏᑐᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖕᓂᒃ ᒪᕈᖕᓂᒃ.
ᑐᖓᕕᒋᑉᓗᒍ ᓕᐳᕆᑦ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᒑ ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᐅᑉ. P.E. ᒧᐊᕐ ᐅᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐᕐ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖓ ᐅᑯᐊᖁᑉᓗᒍ.
ᑭᖑᓂᖓᒍᑦ, ᐃᓪᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ H.W. ᒪᒋᓪᐅᓪ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᒡᓕᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᒃᑕᕆᐊᓕᕆᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᒃᓴᓄᑦ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᑉᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ. ᓱᑑᓐ, ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ. ᒧᐊᕐ, ᒥᔅᑐ ᕼᐅᐃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓪᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖓ ᓈᒻᒪᓚᐅᖏᒻᒪᑦ ᓇᐸᖅᑕᐅᓂᕆᓚᐅᒐᖏᑦᑕ ᐱᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᒃ ᐅᑯᐊᖁᑉᓗᒍ.
ᓇᑦᓯᐊᑦ 21, 1939, ᐱᓕᕆᔨᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑖᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᒡᓕᐊᑕ ᑐᒡᓕᐊ, ᑭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐊᖏᖃᑕᐅᓂᕋᖅᖢᒍ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐋᖀᖁᔨᑉᓗᓂ ᐅᑯᐊᖁᑉᓗᒍ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖓ ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐸᑦ.[13]
ᓄᕋᐃᑦ 15, 1939, ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨ J.D. ᐊᑕᒻᓴᓐ ᐅᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐᑉ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐊᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᐅᔪᖅ: ᑕᓪᒪᑦ ᓄᑕᕋᐃᑦ ᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᖁᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᒪᕉᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᑎᖁᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ; ᒪᕉᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᒡᕕᖕᒧᑦ; ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ 20 ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑉᕙᓘᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᐃᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖓ ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐸᑦ.[14]
ᑎᑎᖃᖁᑕᐅᔪᑦ NCTR−ᒥ, ᑕᒡᕙᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓂᖓ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᕐᔅᓵᓐᑐᑉ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐳᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᕖᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑯᐃᑦᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. 1941−ᒥ ᓯᑕᒪᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕖᑦ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊᒥ ᒥᐊᓂᕈᔭᐅᑉᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᔨᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓇᔭᖑᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᓗᑦ ᐱᒥ, ᒥᓴᓐᒥ, ᑲᕌᓐᐳᕈᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑯᑯᓕᑦᓴᒥ. [15] ᑕᑯᐊ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᖏᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᑎᓂᒃ “ᐊᓂᐊᓗᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ”ᐊᓂᐊᕕᖕᒦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦᓄᓇᓕᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᓂᒃ.
ᓯᐊᒪᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖕᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐃᖢᐊᖏᔪᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᑯᐊᑦᑎᐸᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ.[17]
[1] ᕼᐊᑭᑦ, ᐸᐅᓕ “ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᑲᓂᖏᓪᓗᒍ”: ᐳᐊᑦ ᐋᓕᑦᔅᔮᓐᑐᕐ ᐱᑦᑕᐅᓕᒪᕕᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᑕᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ, 1937-39. ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᑯᑦ, 2012, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ 21, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖓᒃᓴᖅ 1, ᒪᒃᐱᖅᑐᕋᐃᒃ 1 – 41.
[2] ᕕᑉᔪᐊᕆ 8, 1938−ᒥ, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᕿᖅᑐᐃᔨᒧᑦ J.O ᐳᓗᑎ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 4 – 6 R00007210. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[3] ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ: ᐱᓐᓂᑯᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ, ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓃᑦ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ 1939, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 434-435 ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᖕᓃᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[4] ᕕᑉᔪᐊᕆ 8, 1938−ᒥ, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ E.D.R. ᐱᓯᑦ ᐃᖢᐊᑦᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᕿᖅᑐᐃᔨᒧᑦ J.O R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[5] ᐋᒡᔪᓕᕐᕕ 22, 1937, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᒃᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑖᓄᑦ ᐸᐃᓐ ᑯᕇᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᐊᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 6. R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[6] ᐋᒡᔪᓕᕐᕕ 22, 1937, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᕿᖅᑐᐃᔨᒧᑦ J.O E.D.R. ᐱᓯᑦ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 9. R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[7] ᒧᐊᕐ, P.E. ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑭᑐᓪᓗᒃᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᓐᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖃᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ 32, ᓈᓴᐅᑖ 1 (ᑕᖀᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ, 1941) ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 13-17.
[8] .ᑕᖀᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ 1938, ᑕᕿ ᑕᒫᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᒃᔅᓵᑐᒥ ᐱᑕᐃᓕᒪᕕᖕᒥ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 27 ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ 29. R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[9] ᐋᒡᔪᓕᕐᕕ 22, 1937, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ E.D.R. ᐱᓯᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᕿᖅᑐᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᔭᐃ. ᐸᕋᒃᓯᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖅ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᕐᔅᓵᑐᒥ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 19-21 R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[10] ᐋᒡᔪᓕᕐᕕ 22, 1937, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ E.D.R. ᐱᓯᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᕿᖅᑐᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᔭᐃ. ᐸᕋᒃᓯᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖅ ᐳᐊᑦ ᐊᓕᕐᔅᓵᑐᒥ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 22 R00007212. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[11] ᕕᑉᔪᐊᕆ 5, 1939−ᒥ, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ J.D. ᐊᑕᒻᓴᓐᒥᑦ ᐃᖢᐊᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ. E.L. ᓱᑑᓐ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᒃᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓪᓕᑎᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ. 18-19 R00007215. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[12] ᓇᑦᓯᐊᑦ 3, 1939, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ. P.E. ᒧᐊᕐ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ. H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 25-26 R00007215. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[13] ᓇᑦᓯᐊᑦ 21, 1939, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ. ᔭᒃᓴᓐ, ᐃᓱᒪᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᒡᓕᐊ ᒪᓂᔅᑕᒧᑦ ᑐᒡᓕᐊ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ , ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 1. R00007216. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[14] ᓇᒃᓯᐊᑦ 15, 1939, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ ᐃᖢᐊᖅᓴᐃᔨᒥᑦ. J.D. ᐊᑕᒻᓴᓐᒥᑦ ᐃᖢᐊᓴᐃᔨᒧᑦ. H.W. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᑯᓐᓂᒃ , ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 6-7. R00007216. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
[15] ᕼᐊᑭᑦ, ᐸᐅᓕ “ᑲᔪᓯᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᑲᓂᖏᓪᓗᒍ”: ᐳᐊᑦ ᐋᓕᑦᔅᔮᓐᑐᕐ ᐱᑦᑕᐅᓕᒪᕕᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᑕᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᒥ, 1937-39. ᓄᓇᖃᖄᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᑯᑦ, 2012, ᑎᑎᖃᖅ 21, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖓᒃᓴᖅ 1, ᒪᒃᐱᖅᑐᕋᐃᒃ 1 – 41.
[16] ᒧᐊᕐ, ᐱ.ᐃ. ᐳᕙᓪᓗᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖄᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑭᑐᓪᓗᒃᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐃᓕᓐᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖃᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ 32, ᓈᓴᐅᑖ 1 (ᑕᖀᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ, 1941) ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 13-17.
[17] ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᖏᕋᕆᔭᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ: ᐱᓐᓂᑯᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ, ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓃᑦ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ 1939, ᒪᒃᐱᐊ 434-435 ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᖕᓃᖃᑎᒌᖕᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.